The Kestrel Residence Index.

EU member; Schengen accession in progress

No inheritance, estate or wealth tax; 17-year non-dom regime on dividends and interest (SDC on rental income was abolished for all residents from 1 January 2026 — rents now bear income tax only); tax residency via the 60-day rule. PR is a practical enabler of Cyprus non-dom status.

From €300,000 (≈ €357,000 realistic all-in) · ≈ €357,000 EUR-equivalent entry

Fast-track approval typically ~2–3 months once the file is complete; ~3–6 months end to end to card in hand.

Visit once every two years to maintain status — no minimum stay.

Permanent residence grant

Full Schengen member — visa-free short-stay across the zone (90 in 180)

Optional non-dom regime (separate from the visa): a flat €100,000/yr on worldwide non-Greek income for up to 15 years (+€20,000 per family member). It requires a ≥€500,000 Greek investment — distinct from the standard €400,000 visa property minimum — and prior non-residence. The Golden Visa itself triggers no tax residency.

From €250,000 (≈ €277,500 realistic all-in) · ≈ €277,500 EUR-equivalent entry

Approximately 3–6 months end to end; biometrics within 12 months of filing (an exclusive statutory deadline). Attica files are running longer, so we plan conservatively and confirm timing at engagement.

No minimum stay to obtain or renew the five-year permit.

Renewable residence permit

No Schengen or EU mobility from this residence

Territorial tax — only Panama-source income is taxed; foreign income, pensions and offshore returns are exempt. No wealth, inheritance, gift or estate tax. Tax residency requires genuine presence/ties.

From USD 300,000 (≈ €260,870 realistic all-in) · ≈ €260,870 EUR-equivalent entry

Permanent residence in roughly 30–90 days.

One visit every two years maintains permanent residence.

Renewable residence permit

No Schengen or EU mobility from this residence

No capital-gains, inheritance, estate or wealth tax; foreign income taxed only on remittance; personal income tax progressive to 20% on chargeable income up to MUR 12 million, with a 35% band above that (Finance Act 2026, income year from 1 July 2026 — the temporary Fair Share Contribution is abolished). Residence by property is a strong tax-residency base for those who meet the day-count tests.

From USD 375,000 (≈ €342,391 realistic all-in) · ≈ €342,391 EUR-equivalent entry

Approximately 3–6 months for EDB approval after purchase.

No minimum stay — residence is held for as long as you own the qualifying property.

Renewable residence permit

Visa-free Schengen short stay (90 in 180 days)

Non-domiciled residents are taxed on a remittance basis (foreign income taxed only if remitted; foreign capital gains untaxed even if remitted). Tax residency is a separate status from MPRP.

From €375,000 (≈ €500,000 realistic all-in) · ≈ €500,000 EUR-equivalent entry

Approximately 4–6 months to approval; a one-year renewable card issues shortly after filing.

No minimum stay to obtain or maintain status.

Permanent residence grant

No Schengen or EU mobility from this residence

No personal income, capital-gains, net-worth or withholding tax on individuals. A Tax Residency Certificate unlocks 130+ double-tax treaties — subject to meeting UAE day-count tests and exiting the home tax net.

From AED 2,000,000 (≈ €500,000 realistic all-in) · ≈ €500,000 EUR-equivalent entry

Approximately 2–4 weeks; Emirates ID within ~10 business days of biometrics.

No minimum-stay requirement; the Golden Visa is not lost by living abroad.

Renewable residence permit